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Docker Compose NAS

After searching for the perfect NAS solution, I realized what I wanted could be achieved with some Docker containers on a vanilla Linux box. The result is an opinionated Docker Compose configuration capable of browsing indexers to retrieve media resources and downloading them through a Wireguard VPN with port forwarding. SSL certificates and remote access through Tailscale are supported.

Requirements: Any Docker-capable recent Linux box with Docker Engine and Docker Compose V2. I am running it in Ubuntu Server 22.04; I also tested this setup on a Synology DS220+ with DSM 7.0.

Table of Content

Applications

Application Description Image URL
Sonarr PVR for newsgroup and bittorrent users linuxserver/sonarr /sonarr
Radarr Movie collection manager for Usenet and BitTorrent users linuxserver/radarr /radarr
Prowlarr Indexer aggregator for Sonarr and Radarr linuxserver/prowlarr:develop
develop tag as it is not stable yet		 /prowlarr
PIA Wireguard VPN Encapsulate qBittorrent traffic in PIA using Wireguard with port forwarding. thrnz/docker-wireguard-pia
qBittorrent Bittorrent client with a complete web UI
Uses VPN network
Using Libtorrent 1.x		 linuxserver/qbittorrent:libtorrentv1 /qbittorrent
Jellyfin Media server designed to organize, manage, and share digital media files to networked devices linuxserver/jellyfin /jellyfin
Heimdall Application dashboard linuxserver/heimdall /
Traefik Reverse proxy traefik
Watchtower Automated Docker images update watchtower
FlareSolverr Optional- Proxy server to bypass Cloudflare protection in Prowlarr flaresolverr
AdGuard Home Optional - Network-wide software for blocking ads & tracking adguardhome
DHCP Relay Optional - Docker DHCP Relay dhcprelay
Traefik Certs Dumper Optional - Dump ACME data from Traefik to certificates traefik-certs-dumper

Quick Start

cp .env.example .env, edit to your needs then sudo docker compose up -d.

For the first time, run ./update-config.sh to update the applications base URLs.

Environment Variables

Variable Description Default
COMPOSE_FILE Docker compose files to load docker-compose.yml
COMPOSE_PATH_SEPARATOR Path separator between compose files to load :
USER_ID ID of the user to use in Docker containers 1000
GROUP_ID ID of the user group to use in Docker containers 1000
TIMEZONE TimeZone used by the container. America/New_York
DATA_ROOT Host location of the data files /mnt/data
DOWNLOAD_ROOT Host download location for qBittorrent, should be a subfolder of DATA_ROOT /mnt/data/torrents
PIA_LOCATION Servers to use for PIA ca (Montreal, Canada)
PIA_USER PIA username
PIA_PASS PIA password
PIA_LOCAL_NETWORK PIA local network 192.168.0.0/16
HOSTNAME Hostname of the NAS, could be a local IP or a domain name
ADGUARD_HOSTNAME AdGuard Home hostname used, if enabled
LETS_ENCRYPT_EMAIL E-mail address used to send expiration notifications
CLOUDFLARE_EMAIL CloudFlare Account email
CLOUDFLARE_DNS_API_TOKEN API token with DNS:Edit permission
CLOUDFLARE_ZONE_API_TOKEN API token with Zone:Read permission

PIA Wireguard VPN

I chose PIA since it supports Wireguard and port forwarding, but you could use other providers:

For PIA + Wireguard, fill .env and fill it with your PIA credentials.

The location of the server it will connect to is set by LOC=ca, defaulting to Montreal - Canada.

Sonarr & Radarr

File Structure

Sonarr and Radarr must be configured to support hardlinks, to allow instant moves and prevent using twice the storage (Bittorrent downloads and final file). The trick is to use a single volume shared by the Bittorrent client and the *arrs. Subfolders are used to separate the TV shows from the movies.

The configuration is well explained by this guide.

In summary, the final structure of the shared volume will be as follows:

data
├── torrents = shared folder qBittorrent downloads
│  ├── movies = movies downloads tagged by Radarr
│  └── tv = movies downloads tagged by Sonarr
└── media = shared folder for Sonarr and Radarr files
   ├── movies = Radarr
   └── tv = Sonarr

Go to Settings > Management. In Sonarr, set the Root folder to /data/media/tv. In Radar, set the Root folder to /data/media/movies.

Download Client

Then qBittorrent can be configured at Settings > Download Clients. Because all the networking for qBittorrent takes place in the VPN container, the hostname for qBittorrent is the hostname of the VPN container, ie vpn, and the port is 8080:

Prowlarr

The indexers are configured through Prowlarr. They synchronize automatically to Radarr and Sonarr.

Radarr and Sonarr may then be added via Settings > Apps. The Prowlarr server is http://prowlarr:9696/prowlarr, the Radarr server is http://radarr:7878/radarr and Sonarr http://sonarr:8989/sonarr:

Their API keys can be found in Settings > Security > API Key.

qBittorrent

Set the default save path to /data/torrents in Settings, and restrict the network interface to Wireguard (wg0).

The web UI login page can be disabled on for the local network in Settings > Web UI > Bypass authentication for clients

192.168.0.0/16
127.0.0.0/8
172.17.0.0/16

Jellyfin

To enable hardware transcoding, depending on your system, you may need to update the following block:

devices:
  - /dev/dri/renderD128:/dev/dri/renderD128
  - /dev/dri/card0:/dev/dri/card0

Generally, running Docker on Linux you will want to use VA-API, but the exact mount paths may differ depending on your hardware.

Traefik and SSL Certificates

While you can use the private IP to access your NAS, how cool would it be for it to be accessible through a subdomain with a valid SSL certificate?

Traefik makes this trivial by using Let's Encrypt and one of its supported ACME challenge providers.

Let's assume we are using nas.domain.com as custom subdomain.

The idea is to create an A record pointing to the private IP of the NAS, 192.168.0.10 for example:

nas.domain.com.	1	IN	A	192.168.0.10

The record will be publicly exposed but not resolve given this is a private IP.

Given the NAS is not accessible from the internet, we need to do a dnsChallenge. Here we will be using CloudFlare, but the mechanism will be the same for all DNS providers baring environment variable changes, see the Traefik documentation above and Lego's documentation.

Then, fill the CloudFlare .env entries.

If you want to test your configuration first, use the Let's Encrypt staging server by uncommenting this:

#- --certificatesresolvers.myresolver.acme.caserver=https://acme-staging-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory

If it worked, you will see the staging certificate at https://nas.domain.com. You may remove the ./letsencrypt/acme.json file and restart the services to issue the real certificate.

Accessing from the outside with Tailscale

If we want to make it reachable from outside the network without opening ports or exposing it to the internet, I found Tailscale to be a great solution: create a network, run the client on both the NAS and the device you are connecting from, and they will see each other.

In this case, the A record should point to the IP Tailscale assigned to the NAS, eg 100.xxx.xxx.xxx:

nas.domain.com.	1	IN	A	100.xxx.xxx.xxx

See here for installation instructions.

However, this means you will always need to be connected to Tailscale to access your NAS, even locally. This can be remedied by overriding the DNS entry for the NAS domain like 192.168.0.10 nas.domain.com in your local DNS resolver such as Pi-Hole.

This way, when connected to the local network, the NAS is accessible directly from the private IP, and from the outside you need to connect to Tailscale first, then the NAS domain will be accessible.

Optional Services

As their name would suggest, optional services are not launched by default. They have their own docker-compose.yml file in their subfolders. To enable a service, append it to the COMPOSE_FILE environment variable.

Say you want to enable FlareSolverr, you should have COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml:flaresolverr/docker-compose.yml

FlareSolverr

In Prowlarr, add the FlareSolverr indexer with the URL http://flaresolverr:8191/

AdGuard Home

Set the ADGUARD_HOSTNAME, I chose a different subdomain to use secure DNS without the folder.

On first run, specify the port 3000 and enable listen on all interfaces to make it work with Tailscale.

Encryption

In Settings > Encryption Settings, set the certificates path to /opt/adguardhome/certs/certs/<YOUR_HOSTNAME>.crt and the private key to /opt/adguardhome/certs/private/<YOUR_HOSTNAME>.key, those files are created by Traefik cert dumper from the ACME certificates Traefik generates in JSON.

DHCP

If you want to use the AdGuard Home DHCP server, for example because your router does not allow changing its DNS server, you will need to select the eth0 DHCP interface (or at least NOT the one that is 10.0.0.10), then specify the Gateway IP to match your router address (192.168.0.1 for example) and set a range of IP addresses assigned to local devices.

In the configuration (adguardhome/conf/AdGuardHome.yaml), set the DHCP options 6th key to your NAS internal IP address:

dhcp:
  dhcpv4:
    options:
      - 6 ips 192.168.0.10,192.168.0.10

Expose DNS Server with Tailscale

Based on Tailscale's documentation, it is easy to use your AdGuard server everywhere. Just make sure that AdGuard Home listens to all interfaces.

Customization

You can override the configuration of a services or add new services by creating a new docker-compose.override.yml file, then appending it to the COMPOSE_FILE environment variable: COMPOSE_FILE=docker-compose.yml:docker-compose.override.yml

See official documentation.

For example, use a different VPN provider:

version: '3.9'

services:
  vpn:
    image: ghcr.io/bubuntux/nordvpn
    cap_add:
      - NET_ADMIN               # Required
      - NET_RAW                 # Required
    environment:                # Review https://github.com/bubuntux/nordvpn#environment-variables
      - USER=user@email.com     # Required
      - "PASS=pas$word"         # Required
      - CONNECT=United_States
      - TECHNOLOGY=NordLynx
      - NETWORK=192.168.1.0/24  # So it can be accessed within the local network

NFS Share

This can be useful to share the media folder to a local player like Kodi or computers in the local network, but may not be necessary if Jellyfin is going to be used to access the media.

Install the NFS kernel server: sudo apt-get install nfs-kernel-server

Then edit /etc/exports to configure your shares:

/mnt/data/media 192.168.0.0/255.255.255.0(rw,all_squash,nohide,no_subtree_check,anonuid=1000,anongid=1000)

This will share the media folder to anybody on your local network (192.168.0.x). I purposely left out the sync flag that would slow down file transfer. On some devices you may need to use the insecure option for the share to be available.

Restart the NFS server to apply the changes: sudo /etc/init.d/nfs-kernel-server restart

On other machines, you can see the shared folder by adding the following to your /etc/fstab:

192.168.0.10:/mnt/data/media /mnt/nas nfs ro,hard,intr,auto,_netdev 0 0

Static IP

Set a static IP, assuming 192.168.0.10 and using Google DNS servers: sudo nano /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

# This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
network:
  ethernets:
    enp2s0:
      dhcp4: no
      addresses:
        - 192.168.0.10/24
      gateway4: 192.168.0.1
      nameservers:
          addresses: [8.8.8.8, 8.8.4.4]
  version: 2

Apply the plan: sudo netplan apply. You can check the server uses the right IP with ip a.

Laptop Specific Configuration

If the server is installed on a laptop, you may want to disable the suspension when the lid is closed: sudo nano /etc/systemd/logind.conf

Replace:

  • #HandleLidSwitch=suspend by HandleLidSwitch=ignore
  • #LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=yes by LidSwitchIgnoreInhibited=no

Then restart: sudo service systemd-logind restart